Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

K.E. Schlech

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jan – May 1980

K.E. Schlech in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, January – May 1980

44 specimens · 10 stops · 131 days · 432 km

R.L. Stemmermann

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1973

R.L. Stemmermann in Oʻahu, March – May 1973

65 specimens · 16 stops · 49 days

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Feb – Apr 1964

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, February – April 1964

52 specimens · 8 stops · 81 days · 17,676 km

M. Nishimoto

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1945

M. Nishimoto in Oʻahu, March – May 1945

45 specimens · 9 stops · 71 days

Isa Degener

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1962

Isa Degener in Oʻahu, March – May 1962

46 specimens · 10 stops · 50 days · 319 km

M. Kato

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 16–29 Oct 1997

M. Kato in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 16–29 October 1997

52 specimens · 10 stops · 14 days · 254 km

J. Sand

Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 2014

J. Sand in Oʻahu, November – December 2014

56 specimens · 6 stops · 36 days · 528 km

C.E. Hartt

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1936

C.E. Hartt in Oʻahu, June – July 1936

65 specimens · 4 stops · 56 days · 336 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

7 islands · May – Jun 1985

F. Raymond Fosberg across 7 islands, May – June 1985

65 specimens · 10 stops · 35 days · 36,228 km

Joseph F. Rock

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 1–29 Dec 1955

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 1–29 December 1955

57 specimens · 7 stops · 29 days · 459 km

L.M. Hodgson

3 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 2000

L.M. Hodgson in Oʻahu, Maui and Midway Atoll, January – March 2000

42 specimens · 10 stops · 64 days · 2,463 km

K. Ruis

Oʻahu · May – Aug 2024

K. Ruis in Oʻahu, May – August 2024

41 specimens · 10 stops · 86 days

W.J. Semmens

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1940

W.J. Semmens in Oʻahu, June – July 1940

66 specimens · 4 stops · 40 days · 266 km

W.L. Stern

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 1–14 Aug 1961

W.L. Stern in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–14 August 1961

75 specimens · 4 stops · 14 days · 137 km

M.L. Lohman

Maui and Oʻahu · 1–30 Dec 1951

M.L. Lohman in Maui and Oʻahu, 1–30 December 1951

61 specimens · 13 stops · 30 days · 298 km

S.P. Carper

Oʻahu · 11–16 May 1988

S.P. Carper in Oʻahu, 11–16 May 1988

136 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

Gerald R. Allen

4 islands of the United States · May – Aug 1967

Gerald R. Allen across 4 islands of the United States, May – August 1967

76 specimens · 11 stops · 84 days · 1,310 km

F. Salucop

Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1937

F. Salucop in Oʻahu, February – April 1937

47 specimens · 8 stops · 52 days

Seymour H. Sohmer

Maui and Oʻahu · Aug – Sep 1970

Seymour H. Sohmer in Maui and Oʻahu, August – September 1970

59 specimens · 7 stops · 21 days · 135 km

Kim Starr

Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe · 8–25 Feb 2005

Kim Starr in Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe, 8–25 February 2005

71 specimens · 4 stops · 18 days · 75 km

Forest Starr

Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe · 8–25 Feb 2005

Forest Starr in Oʻahu and Kahoʻolawe, 8–25 February 2005

71 specimens · 4 stops · 18 days · 75 km

Stanley Ball

5 islands of the United States · Mar – May 1923

Stanley Ball across 5 islands of the United States, March – May 1923

72 specimens · 12 stops · 60 days · 3,896 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Oʻahu · Dec 1918 – Mar 1919

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu, December 1918 – March 1919

85 specimens · 8 stops · 71 days

R. Fox

Oʻahu · 11–16 May 1988

R. Fox in Oʻahu, 11–16 May 1988

133 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.