Journeys
The expeditions, reassembled
Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.
304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens
706 journeys match
G.J. Hollenberg
5 islands of the United States · Apr – May 1965
G.J. Hollenberg across 5 islands of the United States, April – May 196551 specimens · 5 stops · 16 days · 192 km



George McGowan
Oʻahu · Apr – May 1933
George McGowan in Oʻahu, April – May 193340 specimens · 3 stops · 15 days · 134 km
V Townsend Cromwell cruise 59
5 islands of the United States · 12–27 Jul 1972
V Townsend Cromwell cruise 59, 12–27 July 197250 specimens · 8 stops · 16 days · 895 km


Brenda Bishop
3 islands of the United States · 3–18 Aug 1963
Brenda Bishop in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 3–18 August 196349 specimens · 2 stops · 16 days · 50 km



and Mrs. Murnan
Oʻahu · 15–19 Mar 1948
and Mrs. Murnan in Oʻahu, 15–19 March 194854 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 154 km



Anthony Polansky
Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1964
Anthony Polansky in Oʻahu, January – February 196445 specimens · 2 stops · 18 days
Richard L. Pyle
Midway Atoll and Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1991
Richard L. Pyle in Midway Atoll and Oʻahu, September – October 199147 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 2,081 km
R. Won
Oʻahu · 5–10 May 1954
R. Won in Oʻahu, 5–10 May 195452 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days
D. Orr
Oʻahu · 16–23 Dec 1994
D. Orr in Oʻahu, 16–23 December 199452 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days
C.H. Lamoureux
Oʻahu and Laysan · Oct – Nov 1961
C.H. Lamoureux in Oʻahu and Laysan, October – November 196142 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days · 3,225 km



Ben Olivera
Oʻahu · May – Jun 1917
Ben Olivera in Oʻahu, May – June 191743 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days · 157 km



Elwood Curtin Zimmerman
Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1935
Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, January – February 193542 specimens · 4 stops · 21 days · 179 km



Elwood Curtin Zimmerman
Oʻahu · 9–28 May 1943
Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 9–28 May 194374 specimens · 2 stops · 20 days
Dustin S. Smith
Oʻahu and Maui · 4–18 Apr 2005
Dustin S. Smith in Oʻahu and Maui, 4–18 April 200542 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 96 km
Zennoske Iwatsuki
Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 3–21 Jun 1974
Zennoske Iwatsuki in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 3–21 June 197451 specimens · 3 stops · 19 days



Edmund J. Meadows
Oʻahu · 14–24 Sep 1941
Edmund J. Meadows in Oʻahu, 14–24 September 194143 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 33 km



Elwood Curtin Zimmerman
Oʻahu · 11–20 Nov 1934
Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 11–20 November 193463 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days
B.K. Kirchoff
Oʻahu · 24–30 May 1988
B.K. Kirchoff in Oʻahu, 24–30 May 198845 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days
Maxwell S. Doty
Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1960
Maxwell S. Doty in Oʻahu, March – April 196042 specimens · 5 stops · 19 days · 164 km
S.N. Ching
Oʻahu · Apr – May 2022
S.N. Ching in Oʻahu, April – May 202251 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days
Frank A. Parrish
4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1991
Frank A. Parrish across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 199150 specimens · 4 stops · 13 days · 353 km



George F. Arnemann
Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1951
George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu, November – December 195141 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 129 km
Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC
Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1968
Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, November – December 196843 specimens · 4 stops · 27 days · 256 km
Elwood Curtin Zimmerman
Oʻahu · 1–19 Mar 1942
Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 1–19 March 194265 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days
How a journey is found
Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.
A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.
Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.
