Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 706 journeys so far, 1879 to 2024, 154,760 specimens between them.

304 collectors and expeditions13,208 days in the field3,394,751 km between stops109,031 photographed specimens

G.J. Hollenberg

5 islands of the United States · Apr – May 1965

G.J. Hollenberg across 5 islands of the United States, April – May 1965

51 specimens · 5 stops · 16 days · 192 km

George McGowan

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1933

George McGowan in Oʻahu, April – May 1933

40 specimens · 3 stops · 15 days · 134 km

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 59

5 islands of the United States · 12–27 Jul 1972

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 59, 12–27 July 1972

50 specimens · 8 stops · 16 days · 895 km

Brenda Bishop

3 islands of the United States · 3–18 Aug 1963

Brenda Bishop in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 3–18 August 1963

49 specimens · 2 stops · 16 days · 50 km

and Mrs. Murnan

Oʻahu · 15–19 Mar 1948

and Mrs. Murnan in Oʻahu, 15–19 March 1948

54 specimens · 2 stops · 5 days · 154 km

Anthony Polansky

Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1964

Anthony Polansky in Oʻahu, January – February 1964

45 specimens · 2 stops · 18 days

Richard L. Pyle

Midway Atoll and Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1991

Richard L. Pyle in Midway Atoll and Oʻahu, September – October 1991

47 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 2,081 km

R. Won

Oʻahu · 5–10 May 1954

R. Won in Oʻahu, 5–10 May 1954

52 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days

D. Orr

Oʻahu · 16–23 Dec 1994

D. Orr in Oʻahu, 16–23 December 1994

52 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days

C.H. Lamoureux

Oʻahu and Laysan · Oct – Nov 1961

C.H. Lamoureux in Oʻahu and Laysan, October – November 1961

42 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days · 3,225 km

Ben Olivera

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1917

Ben Olivera in Oʻahu, May – June 1917

43 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days · 157 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1935

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, January – February 1935

42 specimens · 4 stops · 21 days · 179 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · 9–28 May 1943

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 9–28 May 1943

74 specimens · 2 stops · 20 days

Dustin S. Smith

Oʻahu and Maui · 4–18 Apr 2005

Dustin S. Smith in Oʻahu and Maui, 4–18 April 2005

42 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 96 km

Zennoske Iwatsuki

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 3–21 Jun 1974

Zennoske Iwatsuki in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 3–21 June 1974

51 specimens · 3 stops · 19 days

Edmund J. Meadows

Oʻahu · 14–24 Sep 1941

Edmund J. Meadows in Oʻahu, 14–24 September 1941

43 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 33 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · 11–20 Nov 1934

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 11–20 November 1934

63 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days

B.K. Kirchoff

Oʻahu · 24–30 May 1988

B.K. Kirchoff in Oʻahu, 24–30 May 1988

45 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

Maxwell S. Doty

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1960

Maxwell S. Doty in Oʻahu, March – April 1960

42 specimens · 5 stops · 19 days · 164 km

S.N. Ching

Oʻahu · Apr – May 2022

S.N. Ching in Oʻahu, April – May 2022

51 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days

Frank A. Parrish

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1991

Frank A. Parrish across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1991

50 specimens · 4 stops · 13 days · 353 km

George F. Arnemann

Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1951

George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu, November – December 1951

41 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 129 km

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1968

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, November – December 1968

43 specimens · 4 stops · 27 days · 256 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · 1–19 Mar 1942

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 1–19 March 1942

65 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.