Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 131 journeys so far, 1904 to 1994, 20,530 specimens between them.

50 collectors and expeditions1,872 days in the field379,924 km between stops17,231 photographed specimens

F.J.M. Gaerlan

3 islands of the Philippines · Feb – Apr 1992

F.J.M. Gaerlan in Panay, Mindanao and Luzon, February – April 1992

54 specimens · 9 stops · 62 days · 973 km

Alvarez

Mindanao · 14–29 Mar 1992

Alvarez in Mindanao, 14–29 March 1992

52 specimens · 8 stops · 16 days

E.J. Reynoso

Mindanao · 14–29 Mar 1992

E.J. Reynoso in Mindanao, 14–29 March 1992

52 specimens · 8 stops · 16 days

H.E. Milliron

4 islands · May – Oct 1958

H.E. Milliron across 4 islands, May – October 1958

41 specimens · 18 stops · 136 days · 10,829 km

G.S. Varadarajan

Panay and Panay Island · 3–8 Aug 1987

G.S. Varadarajan in Panay and Panay Island, 3–8 August 1987

81 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days

E.C. Sagcal Jr.

Mindanao · Jul – Aug 1991

E.C. Sagcal Jr. in Mindanao, July – August 1991

74 specimens · 4 stops · 28 days

E.J. Reynosa

Panay · 3–8 Aug 1987

E.J. Reynosa in Panay, 3–8 August 1987

77 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days

D.A. Madulid

Olango and Bohol · 20–25 Mar 1993

D.A. Madulid in Olango and Bohol, 20–25 March 1993

113 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 62 km

Rivers Fuentes

Panay · 9–18 Feb 1992

Rivers Fuentes in Panay, 9–18 February 1992

56 specimens · 7 stops · 10 days

Pedersen

Luzon · Mar – Apr 1994

Pedersen in Luzon, March – April 1994

60 specimens · 5 stops · 15 days · 306 km

F.J.M. Gaerlan

Mindanao and Luzon · 5–22 Jul 1991

F.J.M. Gaerlan in Mindanao and Luzon, 5–22 July 1991

76 specimens · 4 stops · 18 days · 973 km

Maxwell S. Doty

6 islands · Dec 1965 – Jan 1966

Maxwell S. Doty across 6 islands, December 1965 – January 1966

58 specimens · 5 stops · 32 days · 657 km

Fuentes

Luzon and Mindanao · Apr – May 1992

Fuentes in Luzon and Mindanao, April – May 1992

65 specimens · 4 stops · 33 days · 972 km

Fuentes

Palawan and Luzon · Jun – Jul 1993

Fuentes in Palawan and Luzon, June – July 1993

95 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 852 km

E.J. Reynoso

Luzon · Nov – Dec 1991

E.J. Reynoso in Luzon, November – December 1991

47 specimens · 5 stops · 26 days

E.B. Barbon

Luzon · Aug – Sep 1991

E.B. Barbon in Luzon, August – September 1991

65 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days

F.J.M. Gaerlan

Luzon and Mindanao · Apr – May 1991

F.J.M. Gaerlan in Luzon and Mindanao, April – May 1991

57 specimens · 5 stops · 33 days · 1,945 km

Romero

Mindanao · 1–10 May 1993

Romero in Mindanao, 1–10 May 1993

93 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu and Aguijan · Jan – Feb 1952

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu and Aguijan, January – February 1952

43 specimens · 5 stops · 34 days · 6,123 km

Garcia

Negros and Luzon · May – Jun 1991

Garcia in Negros and Luzon, May – June 1991

49 specimens · 6 stops · 26 days

Romero

Mindanao · Aug – Sep 1993

Romero in Mindanao, August – September 1993

57 specimens · 3 stops · 32 days

Garcia

Samar and Visayas · Jan – Feb 1992

Garcia in Samar and Visayas, January – February 1992

40 specimens · 7 stops · 43 days

P. McKown

3 islands · 1–6 Feb 1970

P. McKown in New Caledonia, Isle Of Pines and Cebu, 1–6 February 1970

56 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days

Garcia

Luzon · Aug – Sep 1991

Garcia in Luzon, August – September 1991

62 specimens · 4 stops · 9 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.