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Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 158 journeys so far, 1930 to 1939, 108,802 specimens between them.

87 collectors and expeditions3,325 days in the field736,540 km between stops100,704 photographed specimens

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. 7 Others

3 islands · May – Jun 1934

Charles Montague Cooke Jr. 7 Others in Pitcairn Island, Tauna and Henderson Island, May – June 1934

148 specimens · 4 stops · 18 days · 834 km

E.P. Hume

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

E.P. Hume in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

103 specimens · 10 stops · 15 days · 131 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

Kauaʻi · Dec 1930 – Jan 1931

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Kauaʻi, December 1930 – January 1931

101 specimens · 10 stops · 15 days · 131 km

Malacology Staff

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1939

Malacology Staff, July – August 1939

184 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 28 km

Hume Wilder

Oʻahu · Jan – Apr 1931

Hume Wilder in Oʻahu, January – April 1931

83 specimens · 7 stops · 89 days · 646 km

Jane Lathrop Winne

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Dec 1935 – Feb 1936

Jane Lathrop Winne in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, December 1935 – February 1936

121 specimens · 4 stops · 33 days · 603 km

T.A. Jaggar Jr

Niuafo'Ou Island · Aug – Oct 1930

T.A. Jaggar Jr in Niuafo'Ou Island, August – October 1930

100 specimens · 8 stops · 34 days

Donald Anderson

Oʻahu · May – Jun 1938

Donald Anderson in Oʻahu, May – June 1938

178 specimens · 2 stops · 21 days · 43 km

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

Kahoʻolawe and Maui · 1–19 Feb 1931

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in Kahoʻolawe and Maui, 1–19 February 1931

102 specimens · 9 stops · 19 days · 26 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

3 islands of the United States · 4–26 Apr 1939

Edward Yataro Hosaka in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Lānaʻi, 4–26 April 1939

69 specimens · 14 stops · 23 days · 337 km

Wray Harris

Tau and Upolu · Jul – Aug 1937

Wray Harris in Tau and Upolu, July – August 1937

127 specimens · 3 stops · 31 days · 512 km

Robert L. Usinger

Guam · 2–27 Jun 1936

Robert L. Usinger in Guam, 2–27 June 1936

112 specimens · 4 stops · 26 days · 51,067 km

Rokuro Yamaguchi

Oʻahu · 5–19 May 1936

Rokuro Yamaguchi in Oʻahu, 5–19 May 1936

172 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 154 km

Kondo

3 islands · Jul – Aug 1934

Kondo in Tupuai, Rapa and Raivavae, July – August 1934

115 specimens · 3 stops · 51 days · 721 km

Rokuro Yamaguchi

Oʻahu · Oct – Nov 1935

Rokuro Yamaguchi in Oʻahu, October – November 1935

151 specimens · 2 stops · 27 days · 16 km

Pacific Entomological Survey

Nuku Hiva · May – Jun 1931

Pacific Entomological Survey, May – June 1931

105 specimens · 4 stops · 24 days · 6 km

Alex B. Anderson

3 islands · Sep – Oct 1934

Alex B. Anderson in Raiatea, Moorea and Taha'A, September – October 1934

126 specimens · 3 stops · 17 days · 211 km

Erling Christophersen

Oʻahu · Apr – May 1932

Erling Christophersen in Oʻahu, April – May 1932

111 specimens · 4 stops · 12 days · 308 km

Edward Yataro Hosaka

5 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1931

Edward Yataro Hosaka across 5 islands of the United States, July – August 1931

82 specimens · 6 stops · 24 days · 1,149 km

Amy Suehiro

Oʻahu · Sep – Nov 1932

Amy Suehiro in Oʻahu, September – November 1932

81 specimens · 5 stops · 46 days

Tuatoko

Rotuma · 1–26 Aug 1938

Tuatoko in Rotuma, 1–26 August 1938

106 specimens · 3 stops · 26 days · 1,107 km

F.O. Heine

Oʻahu · Feb – Mar 1933

F.O. Heine in Oʻahu, February – March 1933

85 specimens · 4 stops · 33 days · 154 km

Robert L. Usinger

Oʻahu · Feb – May 1936

Robert L. Usinger in Oʻahu, February – May 1936

62 specimens · 9 stops · 83 days · 6,521 km

Jacob Zimmerman

Viti Levu · Jul – Aug 1938

Jacob Zimmerman in Viti Levu, July – August 1938

121 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 107 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.