Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 236 journeys so far, 1960 to 1970, 35,586 specimens between them.

137 collectors and expeditions4,785 days in the field1,403,897 km between stops25,497 photographed specimens

William J. Hoe

Maui and Molokaʻi · 25–29 Jan 1965

William J. Hoe in Maui and Molokaʻi, 25–29 January 1965

53 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days · 122 km

S. Pillay

Viti Levu and Naitasiri · Jun – Jul 1960

S. Pillay in Viti Levu and Naitasiri, June – July 1960

40 specimens · 8 stops · 49 days

K.E. Mshigeni

3 islands · Dec 1969 – Jan 1970

K.E. Mshigeni in Fundo, Pemba and Kwata, December 1969 – January 1970

44 specimens · 6 stops · 29 days

H.W. Frings

Midway Atoll · 1–16 Apr 1962

H.W. Frings in Midway Atoll, 1–16 April 1962

56 specimens · 3 stops · 16 days

de Wreede

Oʻahu and Maui · 6–10 Aug 1967

de Wreede in Oʻahu and Maui, 6–10 August 1967

55 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days · 124 km

C.H. Lamoureux

South Island and New Caledonia · 12–25 Jul 1966

C.H. Lamoureux in South Island and New Caledonia, 12–25 July 1966

55 specimens · 3 stops · 14 days · 2,990 km

Walter Hambuechen

3 islands of French Polynesia · 1–5 Dec 1960

Walter Hambuechen in Rurutu, Tubuai and Raivavae, 1–5 December 1960

83 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days

van Royen

the United States · 1–28 Aug 1969

van Royen in the United States, 1–28 August 1969

48 specimens · 11 stops · 28 days

E. Soepadmo

Selangor and Malaya · 4–20 Apr 1968

E. Soepadmo in Selangor and Malaya, 4–20 April 1968

47 specimens · 3 stops · 17 days

C.H. Lamoureux

3 islands · 12–17 Aug 1964

C.H. Lamoureux in Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll and Laysan, 12–17 August 1964

45 specimens · 4 stops · 6 days · 111 km

A.J. Bernatowicz

Great Britain · May – Jun 1962

A.J. Bernatowicz in Great Britain, May – June 1962

51 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days

D. Koroiveibau

Vanua Levu · May – Jun 1967

D. Koroiveibau in Vanua Levu, May – June 1967

40 specimens · 4 stops · 14 days

G.J. Hollenberg

5 islands of the United States · Apr – May 1965

G.J. Hollenberg across 5 islands of the United States, April – May 1965

51 specimens · 5 stops · 16 days · 192 km

C.M. Iltis

Hawaiʻi Island · 19–23 Jun 1967

C.M. Iltis in Hawaiʻi Island, 19–23 June 1967

43 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days · 8 km

Brenda Bishop

3 islands of the United States · 3–18 Aug 1963

Brenda Bishop in Molokaʻi, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 3–18 August 1963

49 specimens · 2 stops · 16 days · 50 km

Luther E. Bishop

Costa Rica · 6–17 Jul 1967

Luther E. Bishop in Costa Rica, 6–17 July 1967

50 specimens · 2 stops · 12 days

C.H. Lamoureux

Oʻahu and Laysan · Oct – Nov 1961

C.H. Lamoureux in Oʻahu and Laysan, October – November 1961

42 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days · 3,225 km

M.L. Bristol

Savaii · 25–29 Jun 1968

M.L. Bristol in Savaii, 25–29 June 1968

48 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days

Maxwell S. Doty

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1960

Maxwell S. Doty in Oʻahu, March – April 1960

42 specimens · 5 stops · 19 days · 164 km

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1968

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, November – December 1968

43 specimens · 4 stops · 27 days · 256 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.