Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 264 journeys so far, 1960 to 1970, 39,871 specimens between them.

159 collectors and expeditions5,213 days in the field1,373,261 km between stops28,684 photographed specimens

F. Raymond Fosberg

3 islands · Jun – Jul 1963

F. Raymond Fosberg in Borneo, Sarawak and Malaya, June – July 1963

82 specimens · 12 stops · 20 days

Roy Tsuda

Laysan and Oʻahu · 4–9 Dec 1963

Roy Tsuda in Laysan and Oʻahu, 4–9 December 1963

131 specimens · 6 stops · 6 days · 9 km

H. Nurta

Java · Sep – Nov 1962

H. Nurta in Java, September – November 1962

57 specimens · 20 stops · 64 days

G.C.G. Argent

Ireland and Great Britain · Jul – Sep 1966

G.C.G. Argent in Ireland and Great Britain, July – September 1966

62 specimens · 16 stops · 50 days

Albert C. Smith

Vanua Levu and Taveuni · Apr – May 1969

Albert C. Smith in Vanua Levu and Taveuni, April – May 1969

132 specimens · 6 stops · 16 days · 8,079 km

Otto Degener

Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Mar 1964

Otto Degener in Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, January – March 1964

88 specimens · 6 stops · 59 days · 85 km

Benjamin C. Stone

6 islands · Jan – Apr 1967

Benjamin C. Stone across 6 islands, January – April 1967

60 specimens · 16 stops · 68 days · 10,590 km

J.W.P. Parham

Vanua Levu and Taveuni · Apr – May 1969

J.W.P. Parham in Vanua Levu and Taveuni, April – May 1969

129 specimens · 6 stops · 16 days · 8,079 km

F. Adair

Tarawa Atoll · Aug – Nov 1967

F. Adair in Tarawa Atoll, August – November 1967

76 specimens · 19 stops · 93 days

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands · Aug – Sep 1961

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands, August – September 1961

70 specimens · 13 stops · 34 days · 462 km

M. Jacobs

Luzon · Jan – Feb 1968

M. Jacobs in Luzon, January – February 1968

69 specimens · 15 stops · 28 days · 278 km

George F. Arnemann

Oʻahu · Oct – Dec 1960

George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu, October – December 1960

86 specimens · 6 stops · 57 days · 450 km

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

Oʻahu · Oct – Dec 1960

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Oʻahu, October – December 1960

86 specimens · 6 stops · 55 days · 298 km

Charles Walters

Tahiti and Oʻahu · May – Sep 1967

Charles Walters in Tahiti and Oʻahu, May – September 1967

110 specimens · 14 stops · 126 days · 8,847 km

D. Koroiveibau

Vanua Levu and Taveuni · Apr – May 1969

D. Koroiveibau in Vanua Levu and Taveuni, April – May 1969

123 specimens · 6 stops · 16 days · 8,079 km

E. Soepadmo

Sumatra · 11–27 Aug 1960

E. Soepadmo in Sumatra, 11–27 August 1960

71 specimens · 13 stops · 17 days

Isa Degener

Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island · Jan – Feb 1964

Isa Degener in Lānaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, January – February 1964

77 specimens · 8 stops · 27 days · 247 km

H.A. Miller

5 islands · May – Jun 1965

H.A. Miller across 5 islands, May – June 1965

95 specimens · 5 stops · 20 days · 2,591 km

B. Emmons

5 islands of Palau · Dec 1967 – Feb 1968

B. Emmons across 5 islands of Palau, December 1967 – February 1968

65 specimens · 18 stops · 61 days · 4,935 km

M.A. Evans

Australia · Sep 1967 – Jan 1968

M.A. Evans in Australia, September 1967 – January 1968

49 specimens · 15 stops · 108 days

S. Carlquist

Australia · Oct – Nov 1962

S. Carlquist in Australia, October – November 1962

51 specimens · 17 stops · 47 days

Ding Hou

3 islands · Jun – Sep 1966

Ding Hou in Borneo, Sarawak and Pahang, June – September 1966

41 specimens · 24 stops · 106 days

B.G. Decker

5 islands of French Polynesia · Jan – Apr 1960

B.G. Decker across 5 islands of French Polynesia, January – April 1960

69 specimens · 12 stops · 67 days · 865 km

J. Vandenberg

6 islands of Papua New Guinea · May – Jun 1969

J. Vandenberg across 6 islands of Papua New Guinea, May – June 1969

85 specimens · 6 stops · 25 days · 913 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.