Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 264 journeys so far, 1960 to 1970, 39,871 specimens between them.

159 collectors and expeditions5,213 days in the field1,373,261 km between stops28,684 photographed specimens

George F. Arnemann

Oʻahu and Lānaʻi · Mar – Apr 1961

George F. Arnemann in Oʻahu and Lānaʻi, March – April 1961

83 specimens · 5 stops · 39 days · 265 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island · Aug – Sep 1969

Seymour H. Sohmer in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, August – September 1969

75 specimens · 6 stops · 41 days

C.H. Lamoureux

4 islands · 6–17 Dec 1962

C.H. Lamoureux across 4 islands, 6–17 December 1962

93 specimens · 6 stops · 12 days

Zennoske Iwatsuki

4 islands of Japan · 1–28 Dec 1964

Zennoske Iwatsuki across 4 islands of Japan, 1–28 December 1964

62 specimens · 10 stops · 28 days · 943 km

Benjamin C. Stone

Guam and Rota · Feb – Jun 1964

Benjamin C. Stone in Guam and Rota, February – June 1964

51 specimens · 18 stops · 129 days

S.R. Gradstein

Crete · Apr – May 1967

S.R. Gradstein in Crete, April – May 1967

49 specimens · 16 stops · 36 days

J.H. Smittenberg

Crete · Apr – May 1967

J.H. Smittenberg in Crete, April – May 1967

48 specimens · 16 stops · 36 days

K. Larsen

Thailand · Jul – Aug 1966

K. Larsen in Thailand, July – August 1966

43 specimens · 20 stops · 56 days

Evelyn B. Sharp

4 islands of Japan · 1–28 Dec 1964

Evelyn B. Sharp across 4 islands of Japan, 1–28 December 1964

59 specimens · 10 stops · 28 days · 943 km

M.G. Iltis

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1967

M.G. Iltis in Maui, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, July – August 1967

86 specimens · 5 stops · 12 days · 141 km

S. Carlquist

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 1–27 Aug 1961

S. Carlquist in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–27 August 1961

65 specimens · 7 stops · 27 days · 392 km

A.Y. Yoshinaga

4 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1967

A.Y. Yoshinaga across 4 islands of the United States, July – August 1967

64 specimens · 8 stops · 43 days · 555 km

Charles K. Barry

Aug – Sep 1963

Charles K. Barry, August – September 1963

75 specimens · 5 stops · 24 days · 80 km

Derral R. Herbst

Aug – Sep 1963

Derral R. Herbst, August – September 1963

75 specimens · 5 stops · 24 days · 80 km

M.L. Bristol

Savaii · Aug – Sep 1968

M.L. Bristol in Savaii, August – September 1968

96 specimens · 7 stops · 30 days

G.W. Gillett

6 islands of the United States · May – Jul 1966

G.W. Gillett across 6 islands of the United States, May – July 1966

46 specimens · 12 stops · 66 days · 1,081 km

A.J.H. Sharp

3 islands of Japan · 1–28 Dec 1964

A.J.H. Sharp in Yakushima Island, Kyushu and Honshu, 1–28 December 1964

56 specimens · 10 stops · 28 days · 943 km

Seymour H. Sohmer

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1969 – Jan 1970

Seymour H. Sohmer in Hawaiʻi Island, Maui and Oʻahu, December 1969 – January 1970

67 specimens · 8 stops · 13 days · 136 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

4 islands · Jan – Feb 1962

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 4 islands, January – February 1962

57 specimens · 12 stops · 30 days · 22,109 km

Nengah Wirawan

3 islands of Indonesia · Dec 1963 – Jan 1964

Nengah Wirawan in Java, Peucang Island and Bogor, December 1963 – January 1964

43 specimens · 17 stops · 33 days

Peter Char P.C.

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1961

Peter Char P.C. in Oʻahu, July – August 1961

84 specimens · 3 stops · 43 days · 274 km

G.T. Kraft

Luzon · 1–27 Mar 1968

G.T. Kraft in Luzon, 1–27 March 1968

58 specimens · 10 stops · 27 days

Derral R. Herbst

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1969 – Feb 1970

Derral R. Herbst in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi, December 1969 – February 1970

40 specimens · 15 stops · 84 days · 1,198 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

4 islands · Nov – Dec 1963

F. Raymond Fosberg across 4 islands, November – December 1963

57 specimens · 9 stops · 20 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.