Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 264 journeys so far, 1960 to 1970, 39,871 specimens between them.

159 collectors and expeditions5,213 days in the field1,373,261 km between stops28,684 photographed specimens

Donald Anderson

6 islands · Aug – Nov 1969

Donald Anderson across 6 islands, August – November 1969

42 specimens · 15 stops · 94 days · 36,629 km

E.J. Godley

4 islands of New Zealand · 6–18 Mar 1962

E.J. Godley across 4 islands of New Zealand, 6–18 March 1962

60 specimens · 8 stops · 13 days

M.J.E. Coode

New Ireland and Lavongai · Jan – Feb 1967

M.J.E. Coode in New Ireland and Lavongai, January – February 1967

63 specimens · 6 stops · 26 days · 472 km

W.M. Hamilton

3 islands of New Zealand · 5–16 Mar 1962

W.M. Hamilton in Little Barrier, New Zealand and North Island, 5–16 March 1962

61 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Feb – Apr 1964

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, February – April 1964

52 specimens · 8 stops · 81 days · 17,676 km

Isa Degener

Oʻahu · Mar – May 1962

Isa Degener in Oʻahu, March – May 1962

46 specimens · 10 stops · 50 days · 319 km

R.G. Buggeln

Tutuila and Ofu · 1–27 Aug 1964

R.G. Buggeln in Tutuila and Ofu, 1–27 August 1964

85 specimens · 9 stops · 27 days

D.E. Yen

3 islands · Jul – Aug 1969

D.E. Yen in Futuna Island, 'Alofi Island and Molokaʻi, July – August 1969

139 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

7 islands · Jan – Mar 1960

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 7 islands, January – March 1960

57 specimens · 7 stops · 58 days · 16,910 km

John W. Beardsley

Laysan and Nihoa · Jun – Jul 1962

John W. Beardsley in Laysan and Nihoa, June – July 1962

105 specimens · 6 stops · 31 days · 1,046 km

W.L. Stern

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · 1–14 Aug 1961

W.L. Stern in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, 1–14 August 1961

75 specimens · 4 stops · 14 days · 137 km

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss

5 islands · Jan – Feb 1961

Noel Louis Hilmer Krauss across 5 islands, January – February 1961

49 specimens · 14 stops · 40 days · 5,401 km

J.W. Grear Jr.

Brazil · Feb – Jul 1966

J.W. Grear Jr. in Brazil, February – July 1966

46 specimens · 36 stops · 164 days · 396 km

Dennis M. Devaney

16 islands · Sep – Oct 1967

Dennis M. Devaney across 16 islands, September – October 1967

50 specimens · 18 stops · 56 days · 7,816 km

C.H. Lamoureux

South Island and New Zealand · 12–25 Oct 1965

C.H. Lamoureux in South Island and New Zealand, 12–25 October 1965

65 specimens · 5 stops · 14 days · 18,752 km

Harold St.John

Reunion and Direction Island · Jan – Mar 1961

Harold St.John in Reunion and Direction Island, January – March 1961

42 specimens · 12 stops · 54 days

F. Raymond Fosberg

7 islands · 8–24 Nov 1968

F. Raymond Fosberg across 7 islands, 8–24 November 1968

77 specimens · 9 stops · 17 days · 40,884 km

B. Tantisewie

Thailand · 8–28 Jan 1969

B. Tantisewie in Thailand, 8–28 January 1969

47 specimens · 9 stops · 21 days

W. Cadenhead

Kauaʻi · Nov – Dec 1960

W. Cadenhead in Kauaʻi, November – December 1960

41 specimens · 15 stops · 18 days

Pele Expedition 1962

Oʻahu · Feb – May 1962

Pele Expedition 1962, February – May 1962

40 specimens · 8 stops · 97 days · 571 km

W. Cadenheads

Kauaʻi · Nov – Dec 1960

W. Cadenheads in Kauaʻi, November – December 1960

42 specimens · 12 stops · 18 days

Robert Hobdy

Kauaʻi and Lānaʻi · Jun – Jul 1969

Robert Hobdy in Kauaʻi and Lānaʻi, June – July 1969

45 specimens · 8 stops · 49 days · 592 km

V.J. Krajina

3 islands of the United States · 11–21 Jun 1962

V.J. Krajina in Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 11–21 June 1962

114 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 269 km

C. Lockwood

3 islands · Oct – Nov 1966

C. Lockwood in Woodlark, Rossel Island and Panawina Island, October – November 1966

103 specimens · 3 stops · 27 days · 402 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.