Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 281 journeys so far, 1970 to 1980, 35,652 specimens between them.

147 collectors and expeditions4,651 days in the field852,009 km between stops26,601 photographed specimens

Fred W. Ball

11 islands of the United States · 5–25 Jul 1977

Fred W. Ball across 11 islands of the United States, 5–25 July 1977

73 specimens · 10 stops · 21 days · 1,615 km

Jan-Peter Frahm

3 islands of Brazil · Jul – Sep 1977

Jan-Peter Frahm in Rio De Janeiro, Cardoso Island and Oʻahu, July – September 1977

47 specimens · 26 stops · 61 days · 12,609 km

Maxwell S. Doty

6 islands · Nov 1975 – Mar 1976

Maxwell S. Doty across 6 islands, November 1975 – March 1976

61 specimens · 13 stops · 131 days · 16,972 km

G.J. Spence

Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi · Mar – Apr 1976

G.J. Spence in Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi, March – April 1976

97 specimens · 5 stops · 25 days · 166 km

D.E. Yen

3 islands of the Solomon Islands · Nov – Dec 1971

D.E. Yen in Anuta, Nendo (Santa Cruz) and Guadalcanal, November – December 1971

77 specimens · 8 stops · 37 days

Moreira Vital

Brazil · Jun – Aug 1974

Moreira Vital in Brazil, June – August 1974

52 specimens · 17 stops · 58 days

R. Gay

Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Aug 1971

R. Gay in Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 1971

65 specimens · 12 stops · 26 days

F. Raymond Fosberg

Sri Lanka and Mauritius · Oct – Dec 1970

F. Raymond Fosberg in Sri Lanka and Mauritius, October – December 1970

56 specimens · 15 stops · 48 days

Paul K. Higashino

4 islands of the United States · Feb – Mar 1975

Paul K. Higashino across 4 islands of the United States, February – March 1975

86 specimens · 11 stops · 51 days · 498 km

Derral R. Herbst

Kauaʻi and Maui · Nov 1972 – Feb 1973

Derral R. Herbst in Kauaʻi and Maui, November 1972 – February 1973

58 specimens · 11 stops · 79 days · 768 km

J.L.J.A. De Sloover

Burundi · Jul – Oct 1974

J.L.J.A. De Sloover in Burundi, July – October 1974

46 specimens · 19 stops · 85 days

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi · Jul – Sep 1979

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi, July – September 1979

68 specimens · 10 stops · 78 days

William J. Hoe

Hawaiʻi Island · 11–17 Jun 1972

William J. Hoe in Hawaiʻi Island, 11–17 June 1972

108 specimens · 5 stops · 7 days

Isabelle Abbott

St. Croix · Dec 1974 – Jan 1975

Isabelle Abbott in St. Croix, December 1974 – January 1975

63 specimens · 11 stops · 28 days

C. Tiu

Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1975

C. Tiu in Oʻahu, February – April 1975

62 specimens · 9 stops · 54 days

Maxwell S. Doty

7 islands · May – Jun 1973

Maxwell S. Doty across 7 islands, May – June 1973

66 specimens · 9 stops · 60 days · 36,912 km

H.J. Fortner

Oʻahu · Jan – May 1974

H.J. Fortner in Oʻahu, January – May 1974

55 specimens · 11 stops · 103 days · 294 km

Dana G. Griffin III

Brazil · Jun – Aug 1974

Dana G. Griffin III in Brazil, June – August 1974

50 specimens · 14 stops · 58 days

R.C. Gardner

6 islands · Jan – Mar 1975

R.C. Gardner across 6 islands, January – March 1975

49 specimens · 15 stops · 54 days · 18,774 km

Derral R. Herbst

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 11–18 Jan 1975

Derral R. Herbst in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 11–18 January 1975

92 specimens · 6 stops · 8 days · 302 km

G.J. Spence

Lānaʻi and Oʻahu · Sep – Oct 1973

G.J. Spence in Lānaʻi and Oʻahu, September – October 1973

87 specimens · 4 stops · 49 days · 77 km

Peter J. Edwards

North Island and New Zealand · 1–30 Mar 1970

Peter J. Edwards in North Island and New Zealand, 1–30 March 1970

62 specimens · 10 stops · 30 days · 53,824 km

van Royen

the United States · Jul – Aug 1973

van Royen in the United States, July – August 1973

97 specimens · 17 stops · 27 days

Stud. Biol. Rheno-Trai in itinere

Boyroya · Jun – Jul 1970

Stud. Biol. Rheno-Trai in itinere in Boyroya, June – July 1970

55 specimens · 12 stops · 31 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.