Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.

830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens

P. Chai

Borneo and Sarawak · Mar – May 1970

P. Chai in Borneo and Sarawak, March – May 1970

306 specimens · 31 stops · 62 days · 3,319 km

Harold St.John

17 islands · Jun 1961 – Jan 1962

Harold St.John across 17 islands, June 1961 – January 1962

294 specimens · 62 stops · 214 days · 4,975 km

Betsy H. Gagne

11 islands · Jun – Sep 1977

Betsy H. Gagne across 11 islands, June – September 1977

480 specimens · 22 stops · 84 days · 12,628 km

Otto Degener

6 islands · Jun 1950 – Jan 1951

Otto Degener across 6 islands, June 1950 – January 1951

256 specimens · 41 stops · 236 days · 2,367 km

Jacques Florence

4 islands of French Polynesia · Oct 1983 – Mar 1984

Jacques Florence across 4 islands of French Polynesia, October 1983 – March 1984

556 specimens · 12 stops · 133 days · 8,247 km

Alastair M. Adamson

Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · May – Jul 1928

Alastair M. Adamson in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, May – July 1928

468 specimens · 12 stops · 50 days · 321 km

Isa Degener

5 islands of the United States · Jun – Sep 1963

Isa Degener across 5 islands of the United States, June – September 1963

281 specimens · 31 stops · 92 days · 1,019 km

Derral R. Herbst

4 islands · May – Jun 1984

Derral R. Herbst across 4 islands, May – June 1984

431 specimens · 14 stops · 28 days

A.S. Hitchcock

6 islands of the United States · Jun – Oct 1916

A.S. Hitchcock across 6 islands of the United States, June – October 1916

239 specimens · 51 stops · 142 days · 1,990 km

F. Raymond Fosberg

5 islands · Nov 1953 – Feb 1954

F. Raymond Fosberg across 5 islands, November 1953 – February 1954

343 specimens · 50 stops · 83 days · 28,095 km

Maxwell S. Doty

32 islands · Jun – Aug 1966

Maxwell S. Doty across 32 islands, June – August 1966

360 specimens · 19 stops · 92 days · 24,280 km

Maxwell S. Doty

11 islands · Sep 1953 – Aug 1954

Maxwell S. Doty across 11 islands, September 1953 – August 1954

309 specimens · 40 stops · 315 days · 78,333 km

L. Horwitz

3 islands · Jul – Aug 1951

L. Horwitz in Arno Atoll, Ine Island and Malel Island, July – August 1951

506 specimens · 30 stops · 58 days

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo

3 islands · Jul – Aug 1946

Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Chichi-Jima, July – August 1946

326 specimens · 23 stops · 54 days · 465 km

B.G. Decker

8 islands · Jan – Jun 1964

B.G. Decker across 8 islands, January – June 1964

346 specimens · 39 stops · 147 days · 2,052 km

Richard Hildreth

6 islands · Jul – Sep 1968

Richard Hildreth across 6 islands, July – September 1968

322 specimens · 44 stops · 75 days · 8,666 km

M.L. Dailer

9 islands · Jan – Mar 2006

M.L. Dailer across 9 islands, January – March 2006

800 specimens · 8 stops · 46 days · 3,681 km

W.A. Whistler

3 islands of Samoa · Jul – Dec 1973

W.A. Whistler in Upolu, Savaii and Nuutele, July – December 1973

354 specimens · 49 stops · 146 days · 639 km

A.J. Bernatowicz

13 islands of Bermuda · Nov 1950 – Feb 1951

A.J. Bernatowicz across 13 islands of Bermuda, November 1950 – February 1951

250 specimens · 56 stops · 97 days

Clarence H. Cooke Jr.

4 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1913

Clarence H. Cooke Jr. across 4 islands of the United States, January – March 1913

422 specimens · 10 stops · 45 days · 815 km

Ralph C. DeFelice

Oʻahu · 15–24 Jan 2001

Ralph C. DeFelice in Oʻahu, 15–24 January 2001

1,187 specimens · 7 stops · 10 days · 639 km

H.O. Whittier

21 islands · Jun – Aug 1960

H.O. Whittier across 21 islands, June – August 1960

310 specimens · 20 stops · 77 days · 1,577 km

Warren L. Wagner Jr.

7 islands · Jun – Aug 1988

Warren L. Wagner Jr. across 7 islands, June – August 1988

536 specimens · 19 stops · 59 days · 10,062 km

H.H. Iltis

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Aug 1967

H.H. Iltis across 4 islands of the United States, June – August 1967

263 specimens · 40 stops · 74 days · 2,290 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.