Journeys
The expeditions, reassembled
Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,954 journeys so far, 1874 to 2026, 349,432 specimens between them.
830 collectors and expeditions34,320 days in the field7,297,183 km between stops244,553 photographed specimens
1,954 journeys match
P. Chai
Borneo and Sarawak · Mar – May 1970
P. Chai in Borneo and Sarawak, March – May 1970306 specimens · 31 stops · 62 days · 3,319 km
Harold St.John
17 islands · Jun 1961 – Jan 1962
Harold St.John across 17 islands, June 1961 – January 1962294 specimens · 62 stops · 214 days · 4,975 km
Betsy H. Gagne
11 islands · Jun – Sep 1977
Betsy H. Gagne across 11 islands, June – September 1977480 specimens · 22 stops · 84 days · 12,628 km
Otto Degener
6 islands · Jun 1950 – Jan 1951
Otto Degener across 6 islands, June 1950 – January 1951256 specimens · 41 stops · 236 days · 2,367 km
Jacques Florence
4 islands of French Polynesia · Oct 1983 – Mar 1984
Jacques Florence across 4 islands of French Polynesia, October 1983 – March 1984556 specimens · 12 stops · 133 days · 8,247 km



Alastair M. Adamson
Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · May – Jul 1928
Alastair M. Adamson in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, May – July 1928468 specimens · 12 stops · 50 days · 321 km
Isa Degener
5 islands of the United States · Jun – Sep 1963
Isa Degener across 5 islands of the United States, June – September 1963281 specimens · 31 stops · 92 days · 1,019 km
Derral R. Herbst
4 islands · May – Jun 1984
Derral R. Herbst across 4 islands, May – June 1984431 specimens · 14 stops · 28 days
A.S. Hitchcock
6 islands of the United States · Jun – Oct 1916
A.S. Hitchcock across 6 islands of the United States, June – October 1916239 specimens · 51 stops · 142 days · 1,990 km
F. Raymond Fosberg
5 islands · Nov 1953 – Feb 1954
F. Raymond Fosberg across 5 islands, November 1953 – February 1954343 specimens · 50 stops · 83 days · 28,095 km
Maxwell S. Doty
32 islands · Jun – Aug 1966
Maxwell S. Doty across 32 islands, June – August 1966360 specimens · 19 stops · 92 days · 24,280 km
Maxwell S. Doty
11 islands · Sep 1953 – Aug 1954
Maxwell S. Doty across 11 islands, September 1953 – August 1954309 specimens · 40 stops · 315 days · 78,333 km
L. Horwitz
3 islands · Jul – Aug 1951
L. Horwitz in Arno Atoll, Ine Island and Malel Island, July – August 1951506 specimens · 30 stops · 58 days



Yoshio KondoKay Kondo
3 islands · Jul – Aug 1946
Yoshio KondoKay Kondo in Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Chichi-Jima, July – August 1946326 specimens · 23 stops · 54 days · 465 km
B.G. Decker
8 islands · Jan – Jun 1964
B.G. Decker across 8 islands, January – June 1964346 specimens · 39 stops · 147 days · 2,052 km
Richard Hildreth
6 islands · Jul – Sep 1968
Richard Hildreth across 6 islands, July – September 1968322 specimens · 44 stops · 75 days · 8,666 km
M.L. Dailer
9 islands · Jan – Mar 2006
M.L. Dailer across 9 islands, January – March 2006800 specimens · 8 stops · 46 days · 3,681 km
W.A. Whistler
3 islands of Samoa · Jul – Dec 1973
W.A. Whistler in Upolu, Savaii and Nuutele, July – December 1973354 specimens · 49 stops · 146 days · 639 km
A.J. Bernatowicz
13 islands of Bermuda · Nov 1950 – Feb 1951
A.J. Bernatowicz across 13 islands of Bermuda, November 1950 – February 1951250 specimens · 56 stops · 97 days



Clarence H. Cooke Jr.
4 islands of the United States · Jan – Mar 1913
Clarence H. Cooke Jr. across 4 islands of the United States, January – March 1913422 specimens · 10 stops · 45 days · 815 km
Ralph C. DeFelice
Oʻahu · 15–24 Jan 2001
Ralph C. DeFelice in Oʻahu, 15–24 January 20011,187 specimens · 7 stops · 10 days · 639 km
H.O. Whittier
21 islands · Jun – Aug 1960
H.O. Whittier across 21 islands, June – August 1960310 specimens · 20 stops · 77 days · 1,577 km
Warren L. Wagner Jr.
7 islands · Jun – Aug 1988
Warren L. Wagner Jr. across 7 islands, June – August 1988536 specimens · 19 stops · 59 days · 10,062 km
H.H. Iltis
4 islands of the United States · Jun – Aug 1967
H.H. Iltis across 4 islands of the United States, June – August 1967263 specimens · 40 stops · 74 days · 2,290 km
How a journey is found
Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.
A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.
Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.
