Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 357 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 75,110 specimens between them.

182 collectors and expeditions6,643 days in the field999,543 km between stops55,453 photographed specimens

Otto Herman Swezey

3 islands of the United States · May – Jul 1932

Otto Herman Swezey in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, May – July 1932

69 specimens · 23 stops · 54 days · 540 km

Paul K. Higashino

4 islands of the United States · Feb – Mar 1975

Paul K. Higashino across 4 islands of the United States, February – March 1975

86 specimens · 11 stops · 51 days · 498 km

Maxwell S. Doty

5 islands · Jan – May 1959

Maxwell S. Doty across 5 islands, January – May 1959

70 specimens · 17 stops · 110 days · 10,865 km

Derral R. Herbst

Kauaʻi and Maui · Nov 1972 – Feb 1973

Derral R. Herbst in Kauaʻi and Maui, November 1972 – February 1973

58 specimens · 11 stops · 79 days · 768 km

Carolene Charley

Kauaʻi · 14–19 Jun 1914

Carolene Charley in Kauaʻi, 14–19 June 1914

140 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days · 64 km

Harold St.John

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Dec 1956 – Jan 1957

Harold St.John in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, December 1956 – January 1957

84 specimens · 8 stops · 14 days

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi · Jul – Sep 1979

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi, July – September 1979

68 specimens · 10 stops · 78 days

Donald Mitchell

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Nov 1930 – Jan 1931

Donald Mitchell in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, November 1930 – January 1931

64 specimens · 10 stops · 36 days · 254 km

J.R. Shevock

Kauaʻi · 24–29 Jan 2018

J.R. Shevock in Kauaʻi, 24–29 January 2018

121 specimens · 6 stops · 6 days

Edward Yataro Hosaka

5 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 1931

Edward Yataro Hosaka across 5 islands of the United States, July – August 1931

82 specimens · 6 stops · 24 days · 1,149 km

William H. Meinecke

Kauaʻi · 23–28 Dec 1926

William H. Meinecke in Kauaʻi, 23–28 December 1926

170 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 32 km

M.A. Vaccarino

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 20–30 Jul 2009

M.A. Vaccarino in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 20–30 July 2009

135 specimens · 9 stops · 11 days · 653 km

Liloa Dunn

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · Jan – Apr 2000

Liloa Dunn in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, January – April 2000

47 specimens · 16 stops · 71 days · 509 km

Thomas G. Lammers

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1985

Thomas G. Lammers across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1985

63 specimens · 12 stops · 18 days · 636 km

R.C. Gardner

6 islands · Jan – Mar 1975

R.C. Gardner across 6 islands, January – March 1975

49 specimens · 15 stops · 54 days · 18,774 km

H.A. Miller

3 islands of the United States · Nov 1952 – Feb 1953

H.A. Miller in Kauaʻi, Oʻahu and Molokaʻi, November 1952 – February 1953

56 specimens · 15 stops · 82 days · 608 km

J.R. Johansen

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 20–30 Jul 2009

J.R. Johansen in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 20–30 July 2009

131 specimens · 9 stops · 11 days · 653 km

K. Shultz

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 4–27 Apr 2001

K. Shultz in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 4–27 April 2001

201 specimens · 3 stops · 24 days · 184 km

Charles N. Forbes

3 islands of the United States · Oct 1910 – Jan 1911

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, October 1910 – January 1911

48 specimens · 16 stops · 97 days · 1,320 km

Steven Perlman

4 islands of the United States · Apr – Jul 2012

Steven Perlman across 4 islands of the United States, April – July 2012

47 specimens · 14 stops · 84 days · 1,122 km

Isa Degener

Kauaʻi · Sep – Oct 1955

Isa Degener in Kauaʻi, September – October 1955

59 specimens · 10 stops · 31 days · 126 km

Earl T. Ozaki

3 islands of the United States · Dec 1953 – Jan 1954

Earl T. Ozaki in Molokaʻi, Kauaʻi and Hawaiʻi Island, December 1953 – January 1954

103 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days · 710 km

W.H. Hatheway

Kauaʻi · Jan – Feb 1950

W.H. Hatheway in Kauaʻi, January – February 1950

73 specimens · 8 stops · 12 days

David Palmer

Kauaʻi and Maui · Jun – Jul 1992

David Palmer in Kauaʻi and Maui, June – July 1992

62 specimens · 8 stops · 47 days · 338 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.