Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,124 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 203,983 specimens between them.

426 collectors and expeditions18,585 days in the field3,965,525 km between stops134,517 photographed specimens

C.E. Hartt

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1938

C.E. Hartt in Oʻahu, July – August 1938

50 specimens · 8 stops · 22 days · 291 km

R. Okano

3 islands of the United States · 3–13 Aug 2006

R. Okano in Niʻihau, Kauaʻi and Lānaʻi, 3–13 August 2006

76 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days · 568 km

W. Cadenheads

Kauaʻi · Nov – Dec 1960

W. Cadenheads in Kauaʻi, November – December 1960

42 specimens · 12 stops · 18 days

Robert Hobdy

Kauaʻi and Lānaʻi · Jun – Jul 1969

Robert Hobdy in Kauaʻi and Lānaʻi, June – July 1969

45 specimens · 8 stops · 49 days · 592 km

Lewis Thayer

Kauaʻi · Jul – Aug 1925

Lewis Thayer in Kauaʻi, July – August 1925

76 specimens · 9 stops · 37 days

J.F. Illingworth II

the United States · May – Jul 1922

J.F. Illingworth II in the United States, May – July 1922

100 specimens · 6 stops · 38 days

Walter M. Giffard

the United States · Dec 1904 – Apr 1905

Walter M. Giffard in the United States, December 1904 – April 1905

94 specimens · 5 stops · 127 days

Hammond

Lānaʻi and Maui · Jul – Aug 1910

Hammond in Lānaʻi and Maui, July – August 1910

42 specimens · 12 stops · 36 days · 442 km

K. Ziegelbauer

Oʻahu · Feb – Apr 1975

K. Ziegelbauer in Oʻahu, February – April 1975

44 specimens · 7 stops · 58 days

V.J. Krajina

3 islands of the United States · 11–21 Jun 1962

V.J. Krajina in Molokaʻi, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui, 11–21 June 1962

114 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days · 269 km

K. Faccenda

Molokaʻi · 26–30 Dec 2022

K. Faccenda in Molokaʻi, 26–30 December 2022

71 specimens · 5 stops · 5 days

van Royen

Kauaʻi · Aug – Sep 1977

van Royen in Kauaʻi, August – September 1977

66 specimens · 4 stops · 25 days

S.W. Mill

Kauaʻi · 12–22 Dec 1983

S.W. Mill in Kauaʻi, 12–22 December 1983

71 specimens · 4 stops · 11 days

G. George D. Peterson

Kauaʻi · 12–22 Dec 1983

G. George D. Peterson in Kauaʻi, 12–22 December 1983

71 specimens · 4 stops · 11 days

William Alanson Bryan

5 islands · Jul – Aug 1902

William Alanson Bryan across 5 islands, July – August 1902

51 specimens · 8 stops · 32 days · 4,185 km

Derral R. Herbst

8 islands · May – Jun 1994

Derral R. Herbst across 8 islands, May – June 1994

65 specimens · 7 stops · 44 days · 16,541 km

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr.

Lānaʻi · 5–11 Feb 2003

Jr.William Ellsworth Fisher Jr. in Lānaʻi, 5–11 February 2003

153 specimens · 3 stops · 7 days · 157 km

Francis Xavier Williams

Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Oct 1929

Francis Xavier Williams in Hawaiʻi Island, July – October 1929

49 specimens · 8 stops · 100 days · 90 km

Joseph F. Rock

3 islands of the United States · Aug – Oct 1917

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island, Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, August – October 1917

40 specimens · 10 stops · 39 days · 1,127 km

Otto Herman Swezey

the United States · Aug – Sep 1920

Otto Herman Swezey in the United States, August – September 1920

113 specimens · 7 stops · 8 days

W.T. Brigham

Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu · 1–7 Sep 1908

W.T. Brigham in Hawaiʻi Island and Oʻahu, 1–7 September 1908

109 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

G. Van Sickle

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1997

G. Van Sickle in Oʻahu, January – March 1997

45 specimens · 7 stops · 68 days · 586 km

H. Oppenheinmer

Maui · 11–15 Mar 2024

H. Oppenheinmer in Maui, 11–15 March 2024

78 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days

Edward Leonard Caum

3 islands of the United States · 12–29 Jun 1923

Edward Leonard Caum in Nihoa, French Frigate Shoals and Mokumanamana, 12–29 June 1923

51 specimens · 8 stops · 18 days · 883 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.