Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,124 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 203,983 specimens between them.

426 collectors and expeditions18,585 days in the field3,965,525 km between stops134,517 photographed specimens

M.D. Hoyle

the United States · 6–19 Aug 1971

M.D. Hoyle in the United States, 6–19 August 1971

54 specimens · 3 stops · 14 days

D. Paquin

Kauaʻi · Oct – Nov 1982

D. Paquin in Kauaʻi, October – November 1982

40 specimens · 4 stops · 36 days

Derral R. Herbst

3 islands · Feb – Apr 1992

Derral R. Herbst in Palmyra Atoll, Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island, February – April 1992

47 specimens · 6 stops · 41 days · 1,763 km

E.Y. Dawson

Palmyra Atoll · 1–20 Oct 1958

E.Y. Dawson in Palmyra Atoll, 1–20 October 1958

53 specimens · 5 stops · 20 days

B.K. Kirchoff

Oʻahu · 7–20 Jun 1991

B.K. Kirchoff in Oʻahu, 7–20 June 1991

54 specimens · 3 stops · 14 days

Donald P. Abbott

Maui and Espiritu Santo · 7–25 Sep 1971

Donald P. Abbott in Maui and Espiritu Santo, 7–25 September 1971

42 specimens · 4 stops · 19 days · 4,794 km

van Royen

the United States · 1–28 Aug 1969

van Royen in the United States, 1–28 August 1969

48 specimens · 11 stops · 28 days

C.F. Puttock

3 islands of the United States · Jul – Aug 2002

C.F. Puttock in Maui, Lānaʻi and Oʻahu, July – August 2002

40 specimens · 4 stops · 29 days · 210 km

John Colburn Bridwell

Oʻahu · Apr – Jun 1919

John Colburn Bridwell in Oʻahu, April – June 1919

40 specimens · 10 stops · 78 days

Charles N. Forbes

Oʻahu and Maui · Jan – Feb 1920

Charles N. Forbes in Oʻahu and Maui, January – February 1920

48 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days · 96 km

Derral R. Herbst

Kure Atoll and Hawaiʻi Island · 3–12 Jan 1979

Derral R. Herbst in Kure Atoll and Hawaiʻi Island, 3–12 January 1979

53 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days · 2,498 km

J.D. Rogers

4 islands of the United States · 4–16 Jan 2000

J.D. Rogers across 4 islands of the United States, 4–16 January 2000

53 specimens · 11 stops · 13 days · 475 km

Joseph F. Rock

Hawaiʻi Island · Jul – Aug 1915

Joseph F. Rock in Hawaiʻi Island, July – August 1915

45 specimens · 3 stops · 32 days

Steven Perlman

Kauaʻi · 19–26 Jan 2018

Steven Perlman in Kauaʻi, 19–26 January 2018

63 specimens · 3 stops · 8 days

Frank A. Parrish

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1990

Frank A. Parrish across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1990

91 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days · 978 km

K.W. Duker

Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1933

K.W. Duker in Oʻahu, January – February 1933

46 specimens · 3 stops · 24 days · 253 km

C.T. Imada

Hawaiʻi Island · 1–11 Feb 1987

C.T. Imada in Hawaiʻi Island, 1–11 February 1987

42 specimens · 5 stops · 11 days

M.L. Lohman

Oʻahu · Jan – Mar 1950

M.L. Lohman in Oʻahu, January – March 1950

41 specimens · 9 stops · 41 days · 462 km

D. Paquin

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1988

D. Paquin in Oʻahu, July – August 1988

42 specimens · 3 stops · 36 days

Harold St.John

Oʻahu · 5–12 Dec 1943

Harold St.John in Oʻahu, 5–12 December 1943

65 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days

van Royen

3 countries · Jun – Aug 1979

van Royen in the Netherlands, the United States and Australia, June – August 1979

48 specimens · 8 stops · 44 days

L. Stewart

the United States · Apr – Jul 2009

L. Stewart in the United States, April – July 2009

45 specimens · 8 stops · 71 days · 452 km

R. Gustafson

Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi · 17–23 Jul 1984

R. Gustafson in Molokaʻi and Kauaʻi, 17–23 July 1984

45 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days · 239 km

J.K. Small

the United States · 1–21 Apr 1893

J.K. Small in the United States, 1–21 April 1893

44 specimens · 3 stops · 21 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.