Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,124 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 203,983 specimens between them.

426 collectors and expeditions18,585 days in the field3,965,525 km between stops134,517 photographed specimens

E.J. Funk

Sri Lanka and Hawaiʻi Island · 9–18 Dec 1992

E.J. Funk in Sri Lanka and Hawaiʻi Island, 9–18 December 1992

44 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days

S.N. Ching

Oʻahu · Apr – May 2022

S.N. Ching in Oʻahu, April – May 2022

51 specimens · 3 stops · 28 days

W.J. Vaughn

the United States · 20–30 May 1926

W.J. Vaughn in the United States, 20–30 May 1926

61 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days

Frank A. Parrish

4 islands of the United States · Jun – Jul 1991

Frank A. Parrish across 4 islands of the United States, June – July 1991

50 specimens · 4 stops · 13 days · 353 km

G.N. Jones

the United States · 20–30 May 1926

G.N. Jones in the United States, 20–30 May 1926

57 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days

W.H. Magruder

Molokaʻi and Maui · Jul – Aug 1988

W.H. Magruder in Molokaʻi and Maui, July – August 1988

67 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days · 62 km

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · Nov – Dec 1968

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, November – December 1968

43 specimens · 4 stops · 27 days · 256 km

J. Thaanum

the United States · 20–30 May 1926

J. Thaanum in the United States, 20–30 May 1926

54 specimens · 3 stops · 11 days

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · 1–19 Mar 1942

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 1–19 March 1942

65 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days

Ralph C. DeFelice

Oʻahu · Jul – Aug 1998

Ralph C. DeFelice in Oʻahu, July – August 1998

54 specimens · 2 stops · 30 days · 28 km

Otto Herman Swezey

Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1920

Otto Herman Swezey in Oʻahu, January – February 1920

40 specimens · 4 stops · 29 days

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC

Oʻahu · Jun – Jul 1996

Townsend-Cromwell Survey TC, June – July 1996

71 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 134 km

station

Oʻahu and Molokaʻi · Feb – Mar 1971

station, February – March 1971

45 specimens · 3 stops · 30 days · 200 km

David Timmins Fullaway

Hawaiʻi Island · 6–16 Sep 1919

David Timmins Fullaway in Hawaiʻi Island, 6–16 September 1919

43 specimens · 4 stops · 11 days

K. Payton

Lisianski and Maro Reef · Sep – Oct 2002

K. Payton in Lisianski and Maro Reef, September – October 2002

58 specimens · 2 stops · 17 days · 338 km

M.E. Leu

Molokaʻi and Oʻahu · 9–21 Jul 1988

M.E. Leu in Molokaʻi and Oʻahu, 9–21 July 1988

56 specimens · 2 stops · 13 days · 109 km

R.R. Whitten

the United States · 1–14 Oct 1929

R.R. Whitten in the United States, 1–14 October 1929

54 specimens · 2 stops · 14 days

Yasuhiro Oshiro

the United States · 1–11 May 1957

Yasuhiro Oshiro in the United States, 1–11 May 1957

48 specimens · 2 stops · 11 days

J.C.E. Riotte

Kauaʻi · 7–25 Sep 1981

J.C.E. Riotte in Kauaʻi, 7–25 September 1981

40 specimens · 2 stops · 19 days

Helms

Oʻahu · 7–14 Jun 1988

Helms in Oʻahu, 7–14 June 1988

43 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days · 37 km

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.