Bishop MuseumExplore

Journeys

The expeditions, reassembled

Every dated label is a diary entry. Read a collector’s labels in order and the voyage comes back: the islands in sequence, the days at each, the specimens from every stop. 1,124 journeys so far, 1879 to 2026, 203,983 specimens between them.

426 collectors and expeditions18,585 days in the field3,965,525 km between stops134,517 photographed specimens

D. Orr

Oʻahu · 16–23 Dec 1994

D. Orr in Oʻahu, 16–23 December 1994

52 specimens · 2 stops · 8 days

C.H. Lamoureux

Oʻahu and Laysan · Oct – Nov 1961

C.H. Lamoureux in Oʻahu and Laysan, October – November 1961

42 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days · 3,225 km

Ernani Meñez

Palmyra Atoll · Dec 1959 – Jan 1960

Ernani Meñez in Palmyra Atoll, December 1959 – January 1960

44 specimens · 3 stops · 6 days

William J. Hoe

Hawaiʻi Island · 12–16 Jul 1982

William J. Hoe in Hawaiʻi Island, 12–16 July 1982

43 specimens · 3 stops · 5 days

Judson Linsley Gressitt

the United States · Jun – Aug 1954

Judson Linsley Gressitt in the United States, June – August 1954

52 specimens · 4 stops · 47 days

Steven L. Montgomery

Maui · Sep – Oct 1979

Steven L. Montgomery in Maui, September – October 1979

50 specimens · 5 stops · 13 days

W.H. Magruder

Hawaiʻi Island · 19–23 Apr 1988

W.H. Magruder in Hawaiʻi Island, 19–23 April 1988

64 specimens · 4 stops · 5 days · 243 km

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 67

5 islands of the United States · Oct – Nov 1975

V Townsend Cromwell cruise 67, October – November 1975

43 specimens · 7 stops · 26 days · 2,702 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Kauaʻi and Oʻahu · Jan – Feb 1935

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, January – February 1935

42 specimens · 4 stops · 21 days · 179 km

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · 9–28 May 1943

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 9–28 May 1943

74 specimens · 2 stops · 20 days

station

5 islands of the United States · Oct – Nov 1975

station, October – November 1975

42 specimens · 7 stops · 26 days · 2,702 km

Karla J. McDermid

Hawaiʻi Island · Sep – Oct 2000

Karla J. McDermid in Hawaiʻi Island, September – October 2000

50 specimens · 4 stops · 24 days · 255 km

K. Kandel

Kauaʻi · 11–16 Nov 2002

K. Kandel in Kauaʻi, 11–16 November 2002

91 specimens · 2 stops · 6 days · 16 km

Judson Linsley Gressitt

the United States · 1–7 Dec 1956

Judson Linsley Gressitt in the United States, 1–7 December 1956

64 specimens · 4 stops · 7 days

Dustin S. Smith

Oʻahu and Maui · 4–18 Apr 2005

Dustin S. Smith in Oʻahu and Maui, 4–18 April 2005

42 specimens · 2 stops · 15 days · 96 km

Zennoske Iwatsuki

Oʻahu and Kauaʻi · 3–21 Jun 1974

Zennoske Iwatsuki in Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, 3–21 June 1974

51 specimens · 3 stops · 19 days

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr.

the United States · Jul – Aug 1926

Edwin Horace Bryan Jr. in the United States, July – August 1926

40 specimens · 6 stops · 48 days

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman

Oʻahu · 11–20 Nov 1934

Elwood Curtin Zimmerman in Oʻahu, 11–20 November 1934

63 specimens · 3 stops · 10 days

B.K. Kirchoff

Oʻahu · 24–30 May 1988

B.K. Kirchoff in Oʻahu, 24–30 May 1988

45 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days

Betsy H. Gagne

Maui · Feb – Mar 1984

Betsy H. Gagne in Maui, February – March 1984

63 specimens · 3 stops · 13 days

John Strazanac

Nihoa · 20–28 Jun 1990

John Strazanac in Nihoa, 20–28 June 1990

47 specimens · 6 stops · 9 days

A. Harbottle

Lānaʻi · 5–11 Feb 2003

A. Harbottle in Lānaʻi, 5–11 February 2003

74 specimens · 2 stops · 7 days · 147 km

Maxwell S. Doty

Oʻahu · Mar – Apr 1960

Maxwell S. Doty in Oʻahu, March – April 1960

42 specimens · 5 stops · 19 days · 164 km

K. Morrison

Maui · 2–11 May 2023

K. Morrison in Maui, 2–11 May 2023

44 specimens · 2 stops · 10 days

How a journey is found

Every specimen with a full date (year, month and day; a bare “1 January” is treated as a missing day) and a named collector is a diary entry. For each collector the days are read in order, each day given the place most of its labels name. The place where a collector spent more than forty percent of their days, and at least sixty of them, is home: days there are left out.

A gap of more than 21 days between collecting days ends one journey and begins the next. A journey must run five to four hundred days, hold at least forty specimens and touch at least two places. Within it, consecutive days inside the same or a neighbouring tenth-of-a-degree cell (about eleven kilometres) are one stop; the stop’s point is the mean of its labels’ coordinates, or the island’s centre when none carry any.

Companions are collectors whose own labels put them in the same cell on the same days. Staff can name a journey, write about it, feature it or hide it; those words survive every rebuild. Everything else is read off the specimens and rebuilt by harvest.mjs expeditions as the records improve.